| 论文/程序题目 |
作者 |
下载 |
主要内容介绍 |
Hits |
Three Approaches to the Quantitative Definition of Information
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Komolgrov |
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计算士整理的“复杂科学研究的经典论文”其中的一篇经典文献 |
68 |
集智俱乐部头脑风暴论坛精华选2003年部分
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东方隐 |
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集智网站由Jake大人开办多年,专门讨论复杂性、人工智能等诸前沿科学问题。其中颇有高人高论;不愧集智之名,然而精华散落,弃置可惜,且古有明训:温故而知新。故而贫僧一面复习过往内容,一面整理摘录以往讨论之精华,并略加评注,供网站利用。一切相关权利,均属原发言人所有。 |
1148 |
报告PPT: 熵与流
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张江 |
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介绍统计物理的基本思想,讨论熵概念的具体含义。另外,从一个简单的流动网络模型,指出如何用玻尔兹曼的思想导出最大化流原理。实质上,这就是Dewar工作的通俗解释,即最大化信息熵导出最大化热力学熵产生原理。 |
1554 |
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics and production of entropy
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Hartmut Grassl et.al. |
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最大化熵产生是近年来活跃于非平衡态统计物理领域中的一个较新的原理,类似于平衡态的熵被最大化,在非平衡态系统中,系统的演化轨迹将朝向于最快速的释放熵。目前该原理已经在天气系统、河流系统、生命、生态系统中得到了一定的应用。 |
1289 |
Non-linear Dynamics and Chaos
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Strogatz |
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介绍非线性动力学和混沌的一本经典读物(电子书) |
2012 |
Maximum entropy production and the fluctuation
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R C Dewar |
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Recently the author used an information theoretical formulation of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics (MaxEnt) to derive the fluctuation theorem
(FT) concerning the probability of second law violating phase-space paths. A less rigorous argument leading to the variational principle of maximum entropy production (MEP) was also given. Here a more rigorous and general mathematical derivation ofMEP from MaxEnt is presented, and the relationship between MEP and the FT is thereby clarified. Specifically, it is shown that the FT allows a general orthogonality property of maximum information entropy to be extended to entropy production itself, from whichMEP then follows. The new derivation highlights MEP and the FT as generic properties of MaxEnt probability distributions involving anti-symmetric constraints, independently of any physical interpretation. Physically, MEP applies to the entropy production of those macroscopic fluxes that are free to vary under the imposed constraints, and corresponds to selection of the most probable macroscopic flux configuration. In special cases MaxEnt also leads to various upper bound
transport principles. The relationship between MaxEnt and previous theories
of irreversible processes due to Onsager, Prigogine and Ziegler is also clarified in the light of these results. |
901 |
Survival of the Likeliest?
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John Whitfield |
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这篇文章将最近几年发展起来的几个较新的有关热物理、进化、能量流的理论串联起来了,他们包括:Eric Smith的生命起源理论、Bejan的Construct law、Dewar推导出最大熵产生原理的工作,还有Demetrius的有关热力学与进化的理论。给出了一个较新的理解进化、热力学的研究方向 |
1492 |
Maximum entropy production principle in physics, chemistry and biology
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L.M. Martyushev,V.D. Seleznev |
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这是一篇非常经典而详细的对最大化熵产生原理的综述 |
1437 |
Scaling laws in urban supply networks
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Christian Ku¨ hnert,Dirk Helbing |
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In previous work, it has been proposed that urban structures may be understood as a result of self-organization
principles. In particular, researchers have identified fractal structures of public transportation networks and land use patterns. Here, we will study spatial distribution systems for energy, fuel, medical, and food supply. It is found that these systems show power-law scaling as well, when the number of ‘‘supply stations’’ is plotted over the population size.
Surprisingly, only some supply systems display a linear scaling with population size. Others show sublinear or superlinear scaling. We suggest an interpretation regarding the kind of scaling law that is expected in dependence of the function and constraints of the respective supply system. |
1140 |
Self-Organization, Transformity, and information
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HowARD T. ODUM |
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system designs and mathematics that reinforce energy use, characteristically with alternate pulsing of production and consumption, increasingly recognized as the new paradigm. Insights from the energetics of ecological food chains suggest the need to redefine work, distinguishing kinds of energy with a new quantity, the transformity (energy of one type required per unit of another). Transformities may be used as an energy-scaling factor for the hierarchies of the universe including information. Solar transformities in the biosphere, expressed as solar emjoules per joule, range from one for solar insolation to
trillions for categories of shared information. Resource contributions multiplied by their transformities provide a scientifically based value system for human service, environmental mitigation, foreign trade equity, public policy alternatives, and economic vitality. |
1229 |
万有引力作用下的多体运动
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Jake |
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在一个二维平面上分布着多个行星,它们两两之间由于牛顿万有引力(平方反比定律)而产生运动。
在碰撞到边界的时候小球会被反弹回来,同时速度会有损失。 |
2477 |
摄像机-电视 自指系统模拟camera-TV self-reference
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张江 |
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当我们用摄像机照射电视机,再把摄到的图案展现在电视屏幕上,这会产生什么?答案似乎应该是什么都没有,因为电视机显示的就是它自己,而它自己正在显示的内容也就是它自己……。然而当我们调节电视机的设置参数、拉大摄像机的焦距,让电视机往它自身内部运动的时候,惊奇的现象出现了:一个一个的复杂结构不断地从电视屏幕中产生、飞出,就好像星系的诞生!当我们旋转摄像机呈一个角度的时候会得到类似左图的“旋转星系”。本Java程序就是在计算机上模拟了这个过程。然而,摄像机-电视这样的自指系统不仅仅能产生如此丰富的复杂图案,其中还蕴藏了非常深刻的科学道理。这就是自指、怪圈与复杂性科学的关系。对该问题的回答也许能够最终解释宇宙、生命以及智能的秘密。 |
1399 |
复杂适应系统(CAS)理论及其应用—由来、内容与启示
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陈禹 |
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这篇文章比较详细的介绍了复杂适应系统(complex adaptive system)理论的发展历程。CAS是继一般系统论、自组织系统论之后的一种包含进化和涌现机制的新的系统观。 |
3911 |
复杂适应系统理论及其应用研究
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谭跃进,邓宏钟 |
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复杂适应系统 (CAS)是一类较普遍的复杂系统。复杂适应系统理论的提出对于解决 ,
解释复杂系统中的各种复杂问题和现象具有重要的指导意义和应用价值。本文在介绍复杂
适应系统理论 ,复杂适应系统特点的基础上 ,给出一个复杂适应系统理论在经济系统中的一
个应用实例 ,说明了这种理论的有效性和意义 |
3100 |
电子书:复杂
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米歇尔·沃尔德罗普 |
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这是一本科普读物,介绍了Santafe(圣塔菲)研究所建立、发展的情况。你会看到那些不同领域的人是怎样由于共同的志趣走到了一起,以及又是如何涌现出诸如遗传算法、人工生命、细胞自动机、正反馈经济系统、动态博弈系统等等新思想的,这本书以小说一样的手法介绍了研究所里面个个人物(包括遗传算法之父:约翰.荷兰德、人工生命之父:朗顿、新经济的倡导者:阿瑟)的动人故事,以及他们研究的那些激动人心的成果。 |
7039 |