| 论文/程序题目 | 作者 | 下载 | 主要内容介绍 | Hits |
| Complexity and Universality of Iterated Finite Automata |
Jiang Zhang |  |
Iterated Finite Automaton (IFA) is invented by Wolfram for studying the conventional Finite State Automata(FSA) by means of A New Kind of Science (NKS) methodology. An IFA is a composition of a finite state automaton and a tape with limited cells. The complexity of behaviors generated by various FSA operating on different tapes can be visualized by two dimensional patterns. Through enumerating all possible 2-state and 3-color IFA, this paper shows that there are a variety of complex behaviors in these simple computational systems. These patterns can be divided into 8 classes roughly such as regular patterns, noisy structures, complex behaviors, and so forth. Also they show the similarity between iterated finite automata and elementary cellular automata. Furthermore, any cellular automaton can be emulated by an IFA and vice versa. That means IFA supports universal computation. | 182 |
| 一种基于蚁群算法求解路径规划问题的新方法 |
王旭,张江 |  |
16 | |
| 人工生命——一种不仅仅是技术的科学 |
张江 | |
15 | |
| The Environment and Control of Complex System |
Jiang Zhang,Xuewei Li | |
5 | |
| 用数字人工生命探索复杂适应系统 |
张江,李学伟 | |
19 | |
| Intermittent search strategies when losing time becomes efficient |
O. B磂nichou,M. Coppey | |
In this letter, we show that intermittent search strategies, alternating active search phases and non-reactive displacement phases, are universal for a wide class of problems involving search time optimization. More precisely, we address the general question of determining in which cases a searcher should, or should not, interrupt his search activity by 搇osing攖ime in non-reactive phases of mere displacement, and which durations of each phase optimize the search time. Using a representative analytical model, we show that intermittent strategies do optimize the search time as soon as the target is 揹ifficult?to detect, and we explicitly give the optimal search strategies, which depend on the memory skills of the searcher. | 511 |
| Intermittent search strategies when losing time becomes efficient |
O. B磂nichou,M. Coppey | |
In this letter, we show that intermittent search strategies, alternating active search phases and non-reactive displacement phases, are universal for a wide class of problems involving search time optimization. More precisely, we address the general question of determining in which cases a searcher should, or should not, interrupt his search activity by 搇osing攖ime in non-reactive phases of mere displacement, and which durations of each phase optimize the search time. Using a representative analytical model, we show that intermittent strategies do optimize the search time as soon as the target is 揹ifficult?to detect, and we explicitly give the optimal search strategies, which depend on the memory skills of the searcher. | 511 |
| Two dimesional intermittent search process:an alternative to Levy flight strategies |
O. Bénichou,C. Loverdo | |
Lévy flights are known to be optimal search strategies in the particular case of revisitable targets. In the relevant situation of nonrevisitable targets, we propose an alternative model of two-dimensional 2D search processes, which explicitly relies on the widely observed intermittent behavior of foraging animals. We show analytically that intermittent strategies can minimize the search time, and therefore do constitute real optimal strategies. We study two representative modes of target detection and determine which features of the search time are robust and do not depend on the specific characteristics of detection mechanisms. In particular, both modes lead to a global minimum of the search time as a function of the typical times spent in each state, for the same optimal duration of the ballistic phase. This last quantity could be a universal feature of 2D intermittent search strategies. | 434 |
细胞中的世界 |
Alain Viel, Robert A. Lue |  |
这是一个非常精彩的三维动画，详细地展示了一个真实活细胞内的世界！随着近年来人们实验手段和技术的不断突破，分子生物学家已经可以发现细胞内部的分子相互作用现象。这是一个等级森严的大工厂，有负责搬运的工人，有负责转达信息的信使，有负责指挥的中心。很难想象，每一个细胞里都装在了一个“人类社会”。 该动画是由Harvard大学的一个小组开发的，曾获很多大奖，它把枯燥的生物学形象化、普及化，强烈建议国内的相关生物学课程也能借鉴该动画。 打包文件中（用RAR打包）包括动画、播放器还有一个讲解动画（纯英文） | 8161 |
| From Machine and Tape to Structure and Function: Formulation of a Reflexively |
Chris Salzberg | |
The relationship between structure and function is explored via a system of labeled directed graph structures upon which a single elementary read/write rule is applied locally. Boundaries between static (information-carrying) and active (information-processing) objects, imposed by mandate of the rules or physics in earlier models, emerge instead as a result of a structure-function dynamic that is reflexive: objects may operate directly on their own structure. A representation of an arbitrary Turing machine is reproduced in terms of structural constraints by means of a simple mapping from tape squares and machine states to a uniform medium of nodes and links, establishing computation universality. Exploiting flexibility of the formulation, examples of other unconventional ‘‘self-computing’’ structures are demonstrated. A straightforward representation of a kinematic machine system based on the model devised by Laing is also reproduced in detail. Implications of the findings are discussed in terms of their relation to other formal models of computation and construction. It is argued that reflexivity of the structure-function relationship is a critical informational dynamic in biochemical systems, overlooked in previous models but well captured by the proposed formulation. | 854 |
| 人工社会——基于Agent的社会学仿真 |
张江,李学伟 | |
人工社会研究的一个综述 | 3337 |
| Evolving Virtual Creatures |
Karl Sims | |
This paper describes a novel system for creating virtual creatures that move and behave in simulated three-dimensional physical worlds. The morphologies of creatures and the neural systems for controlling their muscle forces are both generated automatically using genetic algorithms. Different fitness evaluation functions are used to direct simulated evolutions towards specific behaviors such as swimming, walking, jumping, and following. A genetic language is presented that uses nodes and connections as its primitive elements to represent directed graphs, which are used to describe both the morphology and the neural circuitry of these creatures. This genetic language defines a hyperspace containing an indefinite number of possible creatures with behaviors, and when it is searched using optimization techniques, a variety of successful and interesting locomotion strategies emerge, some of which would be difficult to invent or build by design. | 1183 |
| A Developmental Model for the Evolution of Artificial Neural Networks |
J.C.Astor,C.Adami | |
We present a model of decentralized growth and development for artificial neural networks (ANNs), inspired by developmental biology and the physiology of nervous systems. In this model, each individual artificial neuron is an autonomous unit whose behavior is determined only by the genetic information it harbors and local concentrations of substrates. The chemicals and substrates, in turn, are modeled by a simple artificial chemistry. While the system is designed to allow for the evolution of complex networks, we demonstrate the power of the artificial chemistry by analyzing engineered (handwritten) genomes that lead to the growth of simple networks with behaviors known from physiology. To evolve more complex structures, a Java-based, platformindependent, asynchronous, distributed genetic algorithm (GA) has been implemented that allows users to participatein evolutionary experiments via the World Wide Web. | 1634 |
| Agent-based computational economics |
Leigh Tesfatsion | |
基于主体的计算经济学是将Agent模拟方法、复杂性科学应用于经济学领域的一个分支。本篇文章是ACE的提出者Leigh Tesfatsion写的一篇权威性质的综述。 | 990 |
| The Barrier of Objects: From Dynamical Systems to Bounded Organizations |
Walter Fontana,Leo W. Buss | |
本篇文章是对算法化学的更加详细的描述。包括如何用Lambda算子建立计算机中的化学分子模型，如何让这些算子相互作用、相互改写对方的代码，以及这样一种算法化学系统如何产生类似生命的组织等涌现行为。 | 825 |
| What would be conserved if |
Walter Fontana,Leo W. Buss | |
Fontana的算法化学是人工化学领域的开创性研究成果。图灵机是所有计算机的理论抽象形式。当把一群具有任意程序的图灵机放到一起形成一锅图灵机汤，并让它们相互作用、相互改写对方的程序，也就是每个图灵机既是主动的程序可以用来执行又是被动的数据可以被其它图灵机读入会产生什么现象呢？答案是类生命的组织将会在这一锅类似魔法的算法化学汤中涌现！ 该篇论文采用图灵机的等价形式：lambda计算随机生成一锅图灵机汤，并让程序能够相互改写，从而演化出来类似生命的、具有自我修复能力的组织。 | 1197 |
| Artificial Chemistries - A Review |
Peter Dittrich,Jens Ziegler | |
人工化学Artificial chemistry（或称计算化学）是人工生命、开放式程序进化领域的较新领域。它用抽象的化学反应来模拟生命的起源与进化等问题，是一种比较先进的计算机建模技术。该文章比较详尽地、综合地介绍了人工化学领域的现有研究成果。 | 1073 |
| Open Problems in Artificial Life |
Mark A. Bedau,John S. McCaskill | |
这篇文章是在2000年的第7届Artificial life大会上，人工生命专家共同研讨提出的14个Open prolems。这些问题大致可以分成3类，它们是生命是怎样在无生命的物质中产生的？生命的进化能力界限是什么？生命与心智以及文化的关系是什么？这些问题鼓励着新世纪的学者们在该领域不断奋斗下去。 | 1504 |
| Autopoiesis and Cognition in the Game of Life |
Randall D. Beer | |
Maturana and Varela’s notion of autopoiesis has the potential to transform the conceptual foundation of biology, as well as the cognitive, behavioral and brain sciences. In order to fully realize this potential, however, the concept of autopoiesis and its many consequences require significant further theoretical and empirical development. A crucial step in this direction is the formulation and analysis of models of autopoietic systems. This paper sketches the beginnings of such a project by examining a glider from the Game of Life in autopoietic terms. Such analyses can clarify some of the key ideas underlying autopoiesis and draw attention to some of the central open issues. This paper also examines the relationship between an autopoietic perspective on cognition and recent work on dynamical approaches to the behavior and cognition of situated, embodied agents. | 878 |
| 30 Years of Computational Autopoiesis: A Review |
Barry McMullin | |
Computational Autopoiesis—the realisation of autopoietic entities in computational media—holds an important and distinctive role within the field of Artificial Life. Its earliest formulation by Francisco Varela, Humberto Maturana and Ricardo Uribe was seminal in demonstrating the use of an artificial, computational, medium to explore the most basic question of the abstract nature of living systems - over a decade in advance of the first Santa Fe Workshop on Artificial Life. The research programme it originated has generated substantive demonstrations of progressively richer, life-like, phenomena. It has also sharply illuminated both conceptual and methodological problems in the field. This paper provides an integrative overview of the sometimes disparate work in this area, and argues that Computational Autopoiesis continues to provide an effective framework for addressing key open problems in Artificial Life. | 886 |
第1页/ 共2页
下一页