| 论文/程序题目 | 作者 | 下载 | 主要内容介绍 | Hits |
| Allometric Scaling of Countries |
Jiang Zhang,Tongkui Yu |  |
As huge complex systems consisting of geographic regions, natural resources, people and economic entities, countries follow the allometric scaling law which is ubiquitous in ecological, urban systems. We systematically investigated the allometric scaling relationships between a large number of macroscopic properties and geographic (area), demographic (population) and economic (GDP, gross domestic production) sizes of countries respectively. We found that most of the economic, trade, energy consumption, communication related properties have significant super-linear (the exponent is larger than 1) or nearly linear allometric scaling relations with GDP. Meanwhile, the geographic (arable area, natural resources, etc.), demographic(labor force, military age population, etc.) and transportation-related properties (road length, airports) have significant and sub-linear (the exponent is smaller than 1) allometric scaling relations with area. Several differences of power law relations with respect to population between countries and cities were pointed out. Firstly, population increases sub-linearly with area in countries. Secondly, GDP increases linearly in countries but not super-linearly as in cities. Finally, electricity or oil consumptions per capita increases with population faster than cities. | 114 |
| 人工经济系统-复杂经济系统的建模 |
张江,李学伟 |  |
34 | |
Energy Distribution, Power Laws, and Economic Growth |
Carl-Johan Dalgaard, Holger Strulik | |
The natural sciences have established a general scaling law that relates metabolism and body size of animals. Recently this association – known as Kleiber’s law – has received deep theoretical foundation by network theory and has been fruitfully applied to explain various biological phenomena, in particular ontogenetic growth. Here we derive a similar power law for economic metabolism (energy consumption per capita) and economic size (capital per capita). Invoking the power law we provide a metabolic-energetic founded law of motion for capital per capita. Using data for the U.S. states we test the resulting structural model and find evidence in favor of a scaling parameter, between energy and capital per capita, of about 2/3. | 452 |
| The Product Space Conditions the Development of Nations |
C. A. Hidalgo | |
Economies grow by upgrading the products they produce and export. The technology, capital, institutions, and skills needed to make newer products are more easily adapted from some products than from others. Here, we study this network of relatedness between products, or “product space,”finding that more-sophisticated products are located in a densely connected core whereas lesssophisticated products occupy a less-connected periphery. Empirically, countries move through the product space by developing goods close to those they currently produce. Most countries can reach the core only by traversing empirically infrequent distances, which may help explain why poor countries have trouble developing more competitive exports and fail to converge to the income levels of rich countries | 618 |
| Statistical mechanics of money, income, and wealth: a review |
Victor M. Yakovenko | |
This is a review article originally written for Encyclopedia of Complexity and System Science, to be published by Springer http://refworks.springer.com/complexity/, and titled Econophysics, Statistical Mechanics Approach to". The terms highlighted in bold in Sec. I refer to other articles in this Encyclopedia. This paper reviews statistical models for money, wealth, and income distributions developed in the econophysics literature since late 1990s. The paper is posted at http://arxiv.org/abs/0709.3662 | 1000 |
| A Thermodynamic Theory of Economics |
John Bryant | |
An analogy between thermodynamic and economic theories and processes is developed further, following a previous paper published by the author in 1982. Economic equivalents are set out concerning the ideal gas equation, the gas constant, pressure, temperature, entropy, work done, specific heat and the 1st and 2nd Laws of Thermodynamics. The law of diminishing marginal utility was derived from thermodynamic first principles. Conditions are set out concerning the relationship of economic processes to entropic gain. A link between the Le Chatelier principle and economic processes is developed, culminating in a derivation of an equation similar in format to that of Cobb Douglas production function, but with an equilibrium constant and a disequilibrium function added to it. A trade cycle is constructed, utilising thermodynamic processes, and equations are derived for cycle efficiency, growth and entropy gain. A thermodynamic model of a money system is set out, and an attempt is made to relate interest rates, the rate of return, money demand and the velocity of circulation to entropy gain. Aspects concerning the measurement of economic value in thermodynamic terms are discussed. | 795 |
| Zipf Distribution of U.S. Firm Sizes |
Robert L. Axtell | |
Analyses of Þrm sizes have historically used data that included limited samples of small Þrms, data typically described by lognormal distributions. Using data on the entire population of tax-paying Þrms in the United States, I show here that the Zipf distribution characterizes Þrm sizes: the probability a Þrm is larger than size s is inversely proportional to s. These results hold for data from multiple years and for various deÞnitions of Þrm size. | 887 |
| 基于Agent的计算经济学建模方法及其关键技术研究 |
张江 | |
本文章是作者在2006年完成的博士论文，主要介绍了作者开发的模型：AEM以及计算机仿真结果。 | 2705 |
| The Emergence of Firms in a Population of Agents: Local Increasing Returns, Unstable Nash Equilibria, And Power Law Size Distributions |
Robert Axtell | |
A model in which heterogeneous agents form firms is described and empirically tested. Each agent has preferences for both income and leisure and provides a variable input effort to production. There are increasing returns to cooperation, and agents self-organize into productive teams. Within each group the output is divided into equal shares.Each agent periodically adjusts its effort level to maximize utility non-cooperatively.Agents are permitted to join other firms or start up new firms when it is welfare-improving to do so. | 1596 |
| On Adaptive Emergence of Trust Behavior in the Game of Stag Hunt |
CHRISTINA FANG,STEVEN ORLA KIMBROUGH | |
We study the emergence of trust behavior at both the individual and the population levels. At the individual level, in contrast to prior research that views trust as a fixed trait, we model the emergence of trust or cooperation as a result of trial and error learning by a computer algorithm borrowed from the field of artificial intelligence (Watkins 1989). We show that trust can indeed arise as a result of trial and error learning. Emergence of trust at the population level is modeled by a grid-world consisting of cells of individual agents, a technique known as spatialization in evolutionary game theory. We show that, under a wide range of assumptions, trusting individuals tend to take over the population and trust becomes a systematic property. At both individual and population levels, therefore, we argue that trust behaviors will often emerge as a result of learning. | 1282 |
| Evolving Social Rationality for MAS using |
David Hales,Bruce Edmonds | |
Endowing agents with “social rationality” [10, 12, 11] can aid overall efficiency in tasks where cooperation is beneficial to system level performance. However it is difficult to maintain this beneficial effect in open and unpredictable systems. Such systems seem to require a “bespoke” design for cooperation in each domain. Recent work in artificial life and biological sciences has identified novel “tag” mechanisms for the spontaneous selforganization of group level adaptations in populations of autonomous agents [2, 3, 13, 16]. We summarize these findings and identify a key application (in MAS) to which these mechanisms may be fruitfully applied. An intriguing aspect of these mechanisms is that (in certain circumstances) there is a negative scaling cost – that is, the more agents in a system the better and more quickly organized they become. Also, since the process is driven by individual (bounded) optimization, agents retain a high degree of autonomy but still evolve behaviors that are socially rational even in open systems. Initial results indicatethat the harnessing of such a process in MAS may be a viable alternative to the engineering of specific cooperation mechanisms and group structures. | 9078 |
| Artificial Societies of Intelligent Agents |
Carlos Gershenson García | |
In this thesis we present our work, where we developed artificial societies of intelligent agents, in order to understand and simulate adaptive behaviour and social processes. We obtain this in three parallel ways: First, we present a behaviours production system capable of reproducing a high number of properties of adaptive behaviour and of exhibiting emergent lower cognition. Second, we introduce a simple model for social action, obtaining emergent complex social processes from simple interactions of imitation and induction of behaviours in agents. And third, we present our approximation to a behaviours virtual laboratory, integrating our behaviours production system and our social action model in animats. In our behaviours virtual laboratory, the user can perform a wide variety of experiments, allowing him or her to test the properties of our behaviours production system and our social action model, and also to understand adaptive and social behaviour. It can be accessed and downloaded through the Internet. Before presenting our proposals, we make an introduction to artificial intelligence and behaviour-based systems, and also we give notions of complex systems and artificial societies. In the last chapter of the thesis, we present experiments carried out in our behaviours virtual laboratory showing the main properties of our behaviours production system, of our social action model, and of our behaviours virtual laboratory itself. Finally, we discuss about the understanding of adaptive behaviour as a path for understanding cognition and its evolution. | 1716 |
| Advancing the Art of Simulation in the Social Sciences |
Robert Axelrod | |
人工社会、社会学仿真领域的权威：Robert Axelrod对人工社会这个领域的一个综述，其中提到了不少经典的模型。 | 1405 |
| An illustration of the essential difference between individual and social learning, and its consequences for computational analyses |
Nicolaas J. Vriend | |
Drawing a conclusion from recent insights in evolutionary game theory, we show that a so-called spite e!ect implies that there is an essential di!erence between individual and social learning. We illustrate its consequences for the choice of computational tools in economics and social settings in general by analyzing two variants of a Genetic Algorithm. | 1040 |
| Agent-based computational economics |
Leigh Tesfatsion | |
基于主体的计算经济学是将Agent模拟方法、复杂性科学应用于经济学领域的一个分支。本篇文章是ACE的提出者Leigh Tesfatsion写的一篇权威性质的综述。 | 990 |
| The emergence of economic organization |
Peter Howitt,Robert Clower | |
A model of decentralized markets is studied, in which transactors follow simple adaptive rules.Transactions are coordinated by specialist trading firms that bear the costs of market disequilibrium.Starting from an initially autarkic situation in which none of the institutions that support exchange exist, computer simulation shows that for a wide range of parameter values a fully developed market economy will emerge spontaneously. Moreover, in virtually every case where a market economy develops, one of the commodities traded will emerge as a universal medium of exchange, being traded by every firm and changing hands in every act of exchange. ©2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. | 897 |
| 电子商务与智能协商 |
刘扬 |  |
近年来我国电子商务发展迅速，本文将协商学用于电子商务，并对传统协商学进行了智能化探索，提出了智能协商，用Fuzzy控制方法探索对方的界壳界门，再利用多维加权贴近度下的约束匹配系统（MISS）进行软匹配从而得出最优的结果。 | 1325 |
| Chaos, cheating and cooperation: potential solutions to the |
Björn Brembs | |
这篇文章回顾了重复“囚徒困境”博弈的研究历史，大概介绍了用计算机仿真的方法研究社会中的合作现象的思路。 | 1239 |
| Complexity and Empirical Economics |
Steven N. Durlauf | |
文章概要的介绍了经济系统中的复杂性以及试验经济学的发展概况。目前复杂性经济学主要分成三个方面：历史性研究，指数率的辨别问题，社会关系的相互作用。作者就这三个方面进行了比较全面的探讨。 | 1199 |
| 经济中的正反馈 |
W.布莱恩.阿瑟 |  |
本文的作者提出了经济学中的报酬递增律，从而把正反馈、自组织、复杂系统等概念引入了经济学。这篇文章就经济学中的正反馈现象进行了介绍。 | 1987 |
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