| 论文/程序题目 | 作者 | 下载 | 主要内容介绍 | Hits |
The maximum entropy formalism and the idiosyncratic theory of biodiversity |
Salvador Pueyo,Fangliang He |  |
Why does the neutral theory, which is based on unrealistic assumptions, predict diversity patterns so accurately? Answering questions like this requires a radical change in the way we tackle them. The large number of degrees of freedom of ecosystems pose a fundamental obstacle to mechanistic modelling. However, there are tools of statistical physics, such as the maximum entropy formalism (MaxEnt), that allow transcending particular models to simultaneously work with immense families of models with different rules and parameters, sharing only well-established features. We applied MaxEnt allowing species to be ecologically idiosyncratic, instead of constraining them to be equivalent as the neutral theory does. The answer we found is that neutral models are just a subset of the majority of plausible models that lead to the same patterns. Small variations in these patterns naturally lead to the main classical species abundance distributions, which are thus unified in a single framework. | 519 |
| 秩序从哪里来？（讲稿） |
Jake |  |
本文件是Jake于2008年11月28日在北京科技大学的讲座《秩序从哪里来》的讲稿。该讲座内容简介： 我们都体会到，随着时间的流逝，国家会发展，科技会进步，生物会进化。秩序和复杂性总会伴随时间而增加。达尔文将这种秩序的增长过程称之为进化，基因突变、遗传选择成为了一种标准的分析范式以解释从生物到经济再到计算机中的复杂性增长问题。 几乎与达尔文同一时代，人们还发现了自然中的另一种时间之箭，即热力学第二定律。人总会衰老和死亡，屋子不打扫就会落满尘土，香水总会倾向于从瓶子中跑出来充满整个房间。热力学第二定律告诉我们，衰退很分散是不可避免的。 表面上看，生物进化与热力学第二定律形成了鲜明的矛盾。近来，一群物理学家正在从自组织的角度试图调和这一对矛盾。甚至有些人指出，如果对大量的流动而不是粒子进行统计，我们很可能得到一种全新的热力学理论，该理论有可能不仅涵盖了达尔文的生物进化论，而且有望对生态系统中的物种多样性、生命起源等传统进化论很难解释的问题提供新的见解。 值得指出，这种理论观点目前还很新，很不成熟，本讲座的目的是为了抛砖引玉，希望更多的人能够关注热力学与进化论之间的深刻联系。 | 949 |
| Statistical mechanics of money, income, and wealth: a review |
Victor M. Yakovenko | |
This is a review article originally written for Encyclopedia of Complexity and System Science, to be published by Springer http://refworks.springer.com/complexity/, and titled Econophysics, Statistical Mechanics Approach to". The terms highlighted in bold in Sec. I refer to other articles in this Encyclopedia. This paper reviews statistical models for money, wealth, and income distributions developed in the econophysics literature since late 1990s. The paper is posted at http://arxiv.org/abs/0709.3662 | 1000 |
| A Thermodynamic Theory of Economics |
John Bryant | |
An analogy between thermodynamic and economic theories and processes is developed further, following a previous paper published by the author in 1982. Economic equivalents are set out concerning the ideal gas equation, the gas constant, pressure, temperature, entropy, work done, specific heat and the 1st and 2nd Laws of Thermodynamics. The law of diminishing marginal utility was derived from thermodynamic first principles. Conditions are set out concerning the relationship of economic processes to entropic gain. A link between the Le Chatelier principle and economic processes is developed, culminating in a derivation of an equation similar in format to that of Cobb Douglas production function, but with an equilibrium constant and a disequilibrium function added to it. A trade cycle is constructed, utilising thermodynamic processes, and equations are derived for cycle efficiency, growth and entropy gain. A thermodynamic model of a money system is set out, and an attempt is made to relate interest rates, the rate of return, money demand and the velocity of circulation to entropy gain. Aspects concerning the measurement of economic value in thermodynamic terms are discussed. | 795 |
| Natural selection for least action |
Ville R.I. Kaila,Arto Annila | |
The second law of thermodynamics is a powerful imperative that has acquired several expressions during the past centuries. Connections between two of its most prominent forms, i.e. the evolutionary principle by natural selection and the principle of least action, are examined. Although no fundamentally new findings are provided, it is illuminating to see how the two principles rationalizing natural motions reconcile to one law. The second law, when written as a differential equation of motion, describes evolution along the steepest descents in energy and, when it is given in its integral form, the otion is pictured to take place along the shortest paths in energy. In general, evolution is a non-Euclidian energy density landscape in flattening motion. | 855 |
| A discussion on maximum entropy production and information theory |
Stijn Bruers | |
################ | 663 |
| Information theory and Statistical Physics |
E.T. Jaynes | |
这篇文章为统计物理的主观学派奠定了基础。文章指出，平衡态统计物理不过是观察者由于信息的丧失导致的一种最大化熵的统计推断算法。与传统统计物理不同，Jaynes主张从最大化熵出发，而不是把熵看作是需要理论解释的终点。 | 860 |
| Is utility theory so different from thermodynamics? |
Eric Smith,Dunkan Foley |  |
这种通过建立热力学同效用理论的类比，从而将统计物理模型扩展到经济学之中 | 700 |
| Thermodynamics of natural selection |
Eric Smith | |
这是三篇连续的论文，主要论述生命起源、达尔文自然选择的热力学起源问题。三篇文章发表在同一期Journal of Theoretical Biology杂志上，分别从熵与热力学、化学反应中的卡诺循环、可逆计算和Landuar定理的角度论述能量流、熵与生命起源的关系。生命的起源可以看作是信息流从一大堆能量和物质流的基础上涌现而出的过程，因此这系列文章就是要论述物质和信息的关系。 | 826 |
| Maximum entropy production and the fluctuation |
R C Dewar | |
Recently the author used an information theoretical formulation of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics (MaxEnt) to derive the fluctuation theorem (FT) concerning the probability of second law violating phase-space paths. A less rigorous argument leading to the variational principle of maximum entropy production (MEP) was also given. Here a more rigorous and general mathematical derivation ofMEP from MaxEnt is presented, and the relationship between MEP and the FT is thereby clarified. Specifically, it is shown that the FT allows a general orthogonality property of maximum information entropy to be extended to entropy production itself, from whichMEP then follows. The new derivation highlights MEP and the FT as generic properties of MaxEnt probability distributions involving anti-symmetric constraints, independently of any physical interpretation. Physically, MEP applies to the entropy production of those macroscopic fluxes that are free to vary under the imposed constraints, and corresponds to selection of the most probable macroscopic flux configuration. In special cases MaxEnt also leads to various upper bound transport principles. The relationship between MaxEnt and previous theories of irreversible processes due to Onsager, Prigogine and Ziegler is also clarified in the light of these results. | 901 |
| Survival of the Likeliest? |
John Whitfield | |
这篇文章将最近几年发展起来的几个较新的有关热物理、进化、能量流的理论串联起来了，他们包括：Eric Smith的生命起源理论、Bejan的Construct law、Dewar推导出最大熵产生原理的工作，还有Demetrius的有关热力学与进化的理论。给出了一个较新的理解进化、热力学的研究方向 | 1492 |
| Maximum entropy production principle in physics, chemistry and biology |
L.M. Martyushev,V.D. Seleznev | |
这是一篇非常经典而详细的对最大化熵产生原理的综述 | 1437 |
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